'Classroom Observation Analysis\r'

'Mevery instructional approaches last that thrust been developed to r for for each one mavin to a greater extent educatees. Teachers be in possession of to take up the instructional approaches that run short better for scholars. These approaches call for been tested and researched from non-homogeneous theoretical perspectives. An friendship possibleness is the unsound fancy of bringing up and just like any otherwisewise theory; it explains, guides, and describes the recitals of program line. The earliest speculation on reproductional bear ones began during the times of classical sophists and Greek philosophers.\r\n verit suit open education speculations apply margins like andragogy, curriculum, noniceing pedagogy, education organization, leadership, and policy. Education thought is derived from various disciplines like, philosophy, sociology, slender theory, psychology, and history among others. This paper get out discuss quin contents based on the b est education theory to be applied in the schoolroom linguistic context with focalization on two education theories postulated by Lev Vygotsky and John Dewey.\r\nThis paper lead besides compensate nurture surgical act uponing by pupils, behaviors of instructors to advertise thinking, implications of speech communication nurture on chooseing and watch, and on the alliance between the steamy and hearty evolution on learner behavior and acquisition. schoolroom Observation summary Education theory green goddess either be descriptive like in the sciences or normative like in philosophy. Education theory postulates what education changees argon supposed to consist of; it sets the standards, norms, and goals in carrying out(a) an education process.\r\nThe scientific education theory gives a set of hypotheses, which give way to be experimented and verified. The two approaches put one across produced two unspecific categories of education theories, which argo n the functionalist’s theory of education arising from the sociological perspective of education and the behaviorist theory of education from the psychology of education. The term theory in education refers to three broad categories known as the ex proposalatory or generalizing model, pr conductice observance, and a body of knowledge. Various educational resources equal that a instructor should employ in a schoolroom mount to bring up larn among bookmans.\r\nAlso, gentlemans gentleman resources affect the scholarship process of educatees, which is the behavior of twain(prenominal) the students and instructors. Teachers play a major role in improving the thinking qualification of students. Other factors make up that affect the claiming process of students in the private, aff adapted, emotional using, and language development. educational theory application in a schoolroom place move • Educational theories active Lev Vygotsky and John Dewey postulate d educational theories that explain how the mankind thought affect the out recognize in education.\r\nOn human thought, Dewey’s ideas were instrumentalism based in educational ideas. Vygotsky ideas on education, on the other hand, were based upon the Marxist well-disposed ideas. The instrumentalism ideas of Dewey contend with the focus of thoughts and ideas as work on instruments; this caused the theorist to believe that the education system needs to merged vocational studies. Therefore, schools according to Dewey should incorporate both faculty member and vocational studies. Students entertain to involve themselves in activities that upgrade cooperation and creativity.\r\nDewey believed that teaching individual’s new knowledge with memorization and repetition was ineffective. Through his belles-lettres and research, he advocates for thought and does not support stark topics as ways of teaching individuals. Teaching students on one content only is a spoil of time, according to the theorist. Dewey promoted teachers to be practical and notional in their educational approaches to deliver students with a blanket(a) range of opportunities and to promote individual thought. Marxists brotherly ideas on education were first applied by Vygotsky.\r\nHe believed that by study the social situation, a mortal is capable of learning more. The Zone of Proximal development is the theory postulated by Vygotsky, which explains that a difference exist between a student is taught by an modernistic peer, a teacher, and when a student studies alone. With this theory Vygotsky believed that social processes should be incorporated into the education system. such(prenominal) social processes include peer review, group work activities, and individual contact between student and teacher.\r\nUnlike Dewey and his ideas, Vygotsky does not support teacher‘s elitism, he favors the teaching of thinking kills to students and not just teaching a lesson ba sed on a particular topic (Indiana University, 2004). The most effective educational theory to heighten instruction and learning From the two educational theorists, individuals post examine that they had two contrasting thoughts on what education should be, which ar not in agreement to each other. However, both Vygotsky and Dewey ideas should be applied in the classroom setting in unison because both their ideas atomic number 18 focused on a classroom environs that emphasizes ways of thinking and student makement to learn facts.\r\nThe use of both ideas in a classroom stetting alters a learning situation guided by a teacher who guides students with direction with haughty livelihood and is not a strict take c atomic number 18 of authority. Both the ideas of Vygotsky and Dewey require teachers to be dedicated and committed to individual student needs and abilities and not to the ideals and expectations regarding â€Å" modal(prenominal)” or â€Å" locomote” student knowledge of society. Also, exploitation the ideas and theories presented in the classroom setting is beneficial because they encourage students to interact socially and work in teams to promote effective learning in the classroom.\r\n consort to both theorists interaction is seen as a learning tool, which has been stress by Vygotsky, precisely still applicable in Dewey ideas. A classroom environs that is more causative to learning has been perceived as a classroom that employs both Vygotsky and Dewey’s ideas. Their contributions were signifi chamberpott to learning, but a combination of their differing ideas has proven to successfully impact the education system. Incorporating social learning ideas and theories with creative lessons plans is vital to the on-line(prenominal) world of education.\r\nVygostsky ideas and application in the classroom setting Just like Jean Piaget, Vygotsky agrees that education takes enounce with and through constructivism, which is the belief of cognitive development (Davison, 2006, p. 1), but they differ on the ideas regarding how the cognitive development process occurs. Cognitive development is the process through the mental synthesis up or addition of breeding to fresh in condition(p) information on already learned information. Piaget is seen as a trivial constructivist who believed that human beings be social learners who learn through interaction with the milieu.\r\nIndividuals rear end generate new knowledge and saying intimately the milieu they have been exposed to. Vygotsky, on the other hand, is considered a social constructivist that believes people learn through interaction with other people (Dougiamas, 1998, p. 4). Vygotsky’s ideas are applicable in a classroom setting because through group work and peer reviews students are exposed to what they are taught by others. He disagrees with Piaget’s theory and stated that learning comes before development and not the vise versa according to Piaget’s claim.\r\nVygotsky believes students learn from symbolism, socialization, and history (Davison, 2006, p. 1). The information and actions that children are exposed to by other individuals greatly affects their learning process, and through the interaction with people of adequate intelligence and education will change students to understand and retain information taught more productively (Slavin, 2009, p. 43). The influence of other individuals is vital before a student reaches the point of self-regulation. Self-regulation occurs when an individual apprize solve problems and think critically without attend tos from others.\r\nBy applying this theory in the classroom, a teacher discount make ways to run a classroom with change magnitude efficiency and production. Through the ideas of Vygotsky, the teacher will achieve integration through a diverse student base at different intellectual levels; this will enable students who have learning disabi lities or behind learners to be encouraged and tutored by the more advanced students. The teacher will also encourage students to work in group projects so students can come up with answers after solving problems as a team.\r\nSuch approaches have been praised and beneficial when teaching side of meat and Social Studies. Dewey’s ideas in the classroom setting According to Dewey, learning institutions should be democratic, meaning students can freely share their differing ideas. The classroom setting should focus on subjects that contain practical knowledge in relation to real-life of students. The incorporation of field activities into the classroom learning process enables students to expand their knowledge, hike their critical thinking, and understand their world.\r\nCooperative learning, according to Sharan and Sharan (1992), include Dewey’s learning process as equal aspects of intellectual, emotional, and social events. Dewey argues that a classroom setting shou ld give learners the visit to deal with situations that will arise in their lives to micturate a democratic society. The cooperative learning will act as a motivator for students and provides them with a smell out of individualised responsibility toward their academics. Information processing to student learning Students learn in different ways based on their life experiences, stages of development, and culture.\r\nThese factors determine how students process information. Based on the different characteristics of students, teachers have a responsibility to develop lessons plans that fit the needs of each student. To provide a incontrovertible teaching and learning environs, teachers should know learning is impact by aspects such(prenominal) as culture, emotions, and individual thought. Some student’s process information based on their metallic element states or moods and teachers have a responsibility to create supportive and positive tactics to enhance the learning pr ocess of every individual student.\r\nA teacher also has to develop a teaching plan to fit those children ugly from various Learning Disabilities who experience challenges in reading and information processing. Students with learning disabilities have been known to interpret information differently and rewrite social information in a different manner. Some learning disabilities negatively affect the business leader of students to interpret social cues and have limited solutions to the social dilemmas they face. They also face the challenge of generating solutions to simple numeric problems.\r\nTheory of information processing, The human mind functions through the creation of mental re originations and creating cognitive processes them. Cognition is the ability to have mental representation and memory of objects, people, and learned knowledge through life experiences and academics. In learning, information received through listening and hearing involves various processes that tak e place in the brain. The incoming information leads to the formation of a series of mental representations.\r\nThe substantial ideas are selected and stored in the brain for referencing in the future. According to Miller’s theory of information processing, reinforcement is a crucial activity in enhancing the memorialization of short-term memory. The repetition of a recently read idea will force the brain to process the information through encoding strategies and to later be stored as long-term memory. Reinforcement can be done in the classroom setting through elaboration of and repetition of previous and newly learned information.\r\nA teacher can also tell students to do maintenance rehearsals through practices and drilling to protagonist the reinforcement of new information. Such practical strategies can be through songs and repetition poems. Also, to encourage student’s rehearsal, a student can use a variety of interactive computer activities. By repeating the n ewly learned skills the students will be able to encode the information into long-term memory. The environment and learning Psychologists have studies how human beings are affected by the environments that they have been brought up in.\r\nThe environment consists of individuals at heart the family unit and external influences in society. The classroom environment also affects how adolescent students learn and process information. classroom environments should have no bewitcherys. Factors such as the attitudes of teachers, wish of administrative support, lack of parental support, and a classroom environment that does not support learning leads to sad academic performance among adolescents. The teachers and parents should therefore work ambitious to provide adolescents with a natural and positive environment for learning.\r\nYork-Barr, Schultz, Doyle, Kronberg, and Crossett (1996) suggest the use of comprehension strategies in a classroom to enhance a desirable environment for l earning to students, especially those from diverse backgrounds. Educators according to inclusion practices should focus on quality education and are to be guided by unique dispositions. Educators are responsible for evaluating teaching practices and initiating positive changes. A teacher’s attitude should be positive and they should have the skills and ability to provide emotional, social, and academic support to students.\r\nStudents with disabilities should be provided with supporting facilities and proper equipment they need in the classroom to ensure proper education. Consultation is also one of the classroom strategies that educators can use to intervene to the process of students within the class, and it is applicable to solving problems facing the in all school. A proper classroom environment that would boost students’ maintenance and memory includes teaching satisfyings, equipment, and technological tools for teaching.\r\nStudents can remember the things the y have learned when various learning strategies are employed. Other strategies to help students memory and perplexity is enabling them to self-assess their performance, targeting particular solution, implementing technologies for education, and record keeping of student performance. Providing the right educational environment is therefore the best way of enhancing student’s memory and attention than the social setting. Teacher behaviors that promote students’ thinking abilities Teachers should practices skills that provide for the individual needs of students.\r\nThese needs range from emotional, social, and educational needs (Wehby, Symons, Canale, & Go 1998). A teacher practicing collaborative model such as the Educational Review Team will lead to positive outcome to students. To facilitate students comprehension and reasoning, the teachers use strategies that enable them to design good lesson plans, which first starts with the introduction of the topic, present ation of the content in a cause way, checking whether students have understood the information, periodic review, independent practices, and guided practices among others.\r\nThe teacher should also employ strategies that would improve the motivation of students to learn, the teacher should keep in mind the inertest of students and use a variety of teaching strategies to avoid students being bored. To enhance comprehension and reasoning the teacher has to communicate soaring expectations, give prompt and constructive feedback, and treat each student as an individual. To promote the thinking skills of student’s teachers should indisputable framework, which would enable students to think critically and to develop skills, which will make them regulate someoneal learning and acquire problem-solving skills.\r\nCertain activities that a teacher can practice either intentionally or unintentionally can impede students from reasoning or comprehensions. Such aspects include teachin g at a fast pace and not bothering to check whether the students have understood the concepts or not. Another aspect is employ a teaching strategy that is not comprehensive to all the needs of students. A teacher who does not consider strategies that deal with inhibition, planning, fluency, set shifting, working memory, and self-regulations leads to unretentive attention span among students.\r\nIn order to enable students attain academic goals, the educator has to consider the action and thoughts of students. Teachers should acknowledge that certain students could be faced by challenges of working on their own and cannot complete certain tasks. The teacher has to implement behavior modification plans (Harris et al, 2005) to help students with attention problems. Another strategy is to limit distraction in the classroom environment, which is a strategy that should be carried out before the beginning of each lesson.\r\n cognition and reasoning can be enhanced by the teacher by tell ing students to scan through the headlines of the topic under discussion. speech development Language learning is a vital aspect in the learning process. Language learning enables students to read and write. exercise is as result of comprehension and decoding of information. For students to impute various academies subjects, the elementary activity is to first teach on language comprehension. Delayed speech development affects the learning process of a student.\r\nThis delay occurs in two ways; it can either be receptive or expressive. The expressive form gives a child bother in the use of vocabulary, scummy grammar, poor writing skills, and poor conversational skills. expressive delay can be seen in students who are shy or hesitates to speak. Receptive delay, on the other hand, affects a student’s ability to comprehend what the student has read, following directions, and understanding speech. The student whitethorn also find it difficult to understand opthalmic and seq uencing relations.\r\nThe relationship of social and emotional development to student learning and behavior A student suffering from emotional and behavioral problems leads to interference of the learning process. Such changes lead to poor communication, poor social relationships, and difficulty expressing thoughts and feelings. This affects student’s social intelligence and competence development. Competence development is related to emotional intelligence, which hinders the person from making accurate and logical decisions and in the developments of problem-solving skills.\r\nClassroom Analysis During my classroom observation I was able to view theories that were employed by both Vygotsky and Dewey as described above. The teacher was able to interact with student as a friend but also as a figure of authority. The teacher was able to instruct using repetition of previous instructed existent while introducing new thought and feelings. I mat up the instructor lacked behavio rism because there were no clear cut rules and regulations and the instructor mainly focused on the educational aspects of learning.\r\nThe teacher was creative when giving lesson plans, and it was manifest the teacher put a large center of time preparing for lessons. I observed the teacher employment upon students to answer questions regarding the topic presented to ensure the student was remunerative attention and learning the material. I did notice several(prenominal) students not paying attention and the teacher did not seem to notice but this was understandable considering the high student to teacher ratio. The teacher was also able to use differing vocal tones to emphasize important material content that I assume would be on an upcoming exam.\r\nReference\r\nhttp://dougiamas.com/writing/constructivism.html#faces\r\n'