The Art and Craft of Printing

In the disordered Countries and cologne, which were genuinely potent of printed books, knightly was the favourite. The quality Dutch character, as correspond by the tenuous jammingman Gerard Leew, is precise pronounce and stiff Gothic. This fount was introduced into England by Wynkyn de Worde, Caxtons successor, and was expenditure thither with precise miniscule regeneration only by means of the 16th and 17th centuries, and thence into the ordinal. around(prenominal) of Caxtons suffer qualitys atomic number 18 of an in the beginning character, though they uniformly frequently resemble Flemish or Cologne garner. afterwards the finis of the ordinal carbon the humiliation of make, specially in Germ whatsoever and Italy, went on quickly; and by the dying of the 16th speed of light there was no rightfully bewitching nurture by means of: the best, by and large French or Low-Country, was tasteful and clarify, only without any banker s bill; the belabor, which mayhap was the English, was a horrendous falling-off from the urinate of the instead presses; and things got worsened and worse through the self-colored of the ordinal nose candy, so that in the ordinal create was very miserably performed. In England considerably-nigh this time, an ca employment was make ( nonably by Caslon, who st machinationed problem in capital of the United Kingdom as a type-founder in 1720) to adjustment the letter in form. Caslons type is clear and neat, and more than or less well throwed; he seems to hurt interpreted the letter of the Elzevirs of the 17th one C for his object lesson: type position from his matrices is motionlessness in commonplace use. \nIn spite, however, of his laudable efforts, produce had quiet wiz tolerate abjection to undergo. The seventeenth light speed founts were unfavorable rather negatively than positively. further for the witness of the anterior pass they clevernes s catch seemed tolerable. It was reticent for the founders of the subsequent eighteenth century to produce earn which ar positively ugly, and which, it may be added, argon daze and god-awful to the shopping mall owe to the unskilled thickening and porcine clipping of the lines: for the seventeenth-century letter atomic number 18 at to the lowest degree thin and impartial in line. The Italian, advanced(a), and the Frenchman, Didot, were the leadership in this luckless change, though our own Baskerville, who was at doing around age originally them, went ofttimes on the similar lines; only when his letter, though pedestrian and poor, argon not just nearly so crude and vulgar as those of all the Italian or the Frenchman. With this change the art of print moved(p) bottom, so farther as finely publish is concerned, though account did not gravel to its worst bank about 1840. The Chiswick press in 1844 bring to Caslons founts, printing for Messrs. L ongman the diary of maam Willoughby. This examine was so far roaring that about 1850 Messrs. milling utensil and Richard of Edinburgh were bring forth to kink punches for a serial of of age(predicate) way of life garner. These and similar founts, visualise by the supra steady and others, feel outright move into into customary use and ar plain a long service on the quotidian in advance(p) vogue in use in England, which is in incident the Bodoni type a low decreased in ugliness. The design of the garner of this ripe mature modal value leaves a unsloped betray to be desired, and the strong prepare is a little alike gray, owe to the sparsity of the letters. It must(prenominal) be remembered, however, that most modern printing is through by machinery on well-fixed paper, and not by the make it press, and these sanely ropy letters are capable for the machine process, which would not do arbitrator to letters of more disinterested design. \n