Development of Tourism in the the UK: 1945-1989

schooling of touristry in the the UK 1945-1989British tourism addition and Development1945 1989IntroductionThe growth and exploitation of British haltism manufacturing has play an important role in the UK economy over the last century, modify around 3.6% of GDP by 1999 (Research paper 00/66 2000). However, the most melodramatic stirs to the industry occurred during the decimal point between the end of the Second World contend and 1989. This paper studies six of the factors that checkd this situation during those years, ranging from the cultural and political to the technological.Key Growth and Development FactorsTourism, like most other industries is to a certain finis consumer driven. However, a number of other factors devote influenced the change in phaeton consumer demand and expectation, specially indoors the forty-five year period beingness canvass in this paper.From the consumer viewpoint, the foundation for the post WWII growth and increase of British cri stalism began in 1939 with the introduction of the Holiday With Pay Act (Susan Barton 2000, p.135). earlier then, the populace had neither the waste sentence, nor the financial means to be undertake holidays or visit places of interest. However, it was only after the war that the British normal were fitting to take advantage and fully utilise paid leisure time. As wages in those early years were still comparatively low, initially consumer demands foc intentd on cheap, localised holidays, such as self-catering and hit the hay and breakfast (Susan Barton 2000, p.170).In the decade 1945 to 1955, the tourism mass- securities industry growth was mainly intemperate on the sun, sea and fun packages and it was during this time that British coastal resorts began to transport economic growth. By 1955 tourism holiday demand was expanding rapidly (Middleton and Likorish 2005, p.6) as the standard two week holiday became commonplace. However, at the same time a number of other evolving factors were growth, which would lead to a continuous change in the character of the tourist consumers demands.Transport development was a key factor in the growth of British tourism. As humanity transport facilities, such as rail, coach and bus travel, grew, so the tourist was able to expand their holiday horizons, travelling further distances for holidays. In addition, it assailable up the day travel market, bring additional revenue to frequent resorts (Middleton and Likorish 2005, p.27).As consumer wealth and living standards improved, so did access to private transport, such as cars, motorcycles and bicycles. The use of these allowed the tourist consumer to be more selective in their cultures, as they no longer needed to be close to railways place and ports. This led to increasing tourism demands in interior areas of the country and gave pass on to the start of the heritage type holiday venues, as numerous inland destinations sought to attract a share of this new phen omena (Susan Barton 2005, p.168).Transport development was also instrumental in the development of cross border holidaying, specially within atomic number 63 (Middleton and Likorish 2005, p.27). During the 1960s, this cross border demand, inward and outbound, was met by the use of ferries, trains and car. However, it was still at that stage only affordable by a select segment of the population. It was the development of the cheap air package tour by entrepreneurs such as Vladimir Raitz that had the most influential feign on the growth and development of British cross border tourism (Bray and Raitz 2000). As increasingly numbers of UK tourists began to seek more exotic holiday destinations, particularly in Europe, the British tourist industry had to develop new strategies to not only offer attractive options to these travellers, but also to encourage inward tourism from other countries. In effect, they had to sell the British tourism destination brand internationally.The advent of cinema, radio, television and other media had a significant impact upon tourist consumer demand in Britain, altering their lives and expectations (Middleton and Likorish 2005, p.16). This occurred in two perspicuous ways. Firstly, television programmes were opening up the world to the consumer. Whereas in the past, other countries pictured in paper form seemed distant and unapproachable, these new medias were bringing them into the family home. phaeton began to demand to experience these places for themselves.The second aspect of the new media was its importance to the providers in the tourism industry. Marketers were given a completely new range of media tools, by dint of which they could market and promote their destinations and holiday packages on a mass-market scale. In addition, they were able to developed segmentation strategies, enabling them to match the product with the target earreach (Likorish and Jenkins 2006, p.161). This development not only led to the expansion of the package tour at home and abroad, it also fuelled and enlarged the demands of the more discerning phaeton in areas such as culture and history. It also resulted in an increase in the demand for activity holidays.As was seen at the commencement of this paper, political sympathies played an important role in opening up the British Tourism industry with the introduction of the Holiday Pay Act. finishedout the period being studied, the political environment and influence has continued to impact upon the industry. In the 1950s and 1960s, the industrial unions political campaigning for better worker conditions, pay and leisure time fed the expansion of the mass tourism market (Susan Barton 2005, p.221) and to a lesser extent this continued through to 1989.The role the government has played in British tourism has also changed. As abroad travel and destinations continued to entice British tourists away from holidays within their get borders, successive UK governments, understanding the impact of this on the economy, began to develop strategies to assist the industry to promote the UK tourism brand, both at home and overseas. To this end it has enured up NGOs such as the British tourist Authority (Research 00/66 2006) to act as a vehicle for place tourism guile shows internationally.The changing face of the political structure of Europe also affected British tourism, particularly after Britain joined the EU in 1973 and cross border relationships and regulations began to develop and border restriction began to ease. As European cooperation began to develop, it produced a growth of interest in tourism within the region, from which the British tourism industry benefited due to the increase of inbound tourists. In addition, the EU began to develop European-wide strategies for tourism (Likorish and Jenkins 2006, p.48). This included the provision of EU backup for the development of destination areas of special cultural and historic interest.Globalisation has be en developing for centuries. However, the most significant growth period for the globalization of commercial trade occurred between the end of the Second World War and the 1990s.This has had two make on British Tourism. Firstly, it has enabled the promotion of the destination to a much bigger marketplace internationally (Berhoff, Harvie, Korte and Schneider 2002, p.124), giving it the opportunity to increase the numbers of inbound tourists. Secondly, it has opened the British tourist market to global corporations, such as hotel groups, travel operators and other organisation. RCI, the time-share experts, are a classic example of the influence that the global market has had, with offices in many countries (Middleton and Likorish 2005, p.124).Throughout the period 1945 to 1989, the wholeness factor that has probably been most influential in the growth and development of British Tourism, and both driving and meeting the demands and expectation of the tourist consumer, is the advances in technology. Without this, most of the other factors would not have developed so rapidly. groundbreaking technology, by producing cost and price reductions, has brought more destinations into the affordable choice of consumers (Likorish and Jenkins 2006, p.216). Through its adaptability, technological developments have also enabled the British Tourism industry to provider a wider range of destination productions, which addresses the demands of both the mass market and individual tourist consumer requirements.ConclusionThere is no doubt that although the British Tourism is there as a provider, its development has been partially consumer driven. However, none of the consumer demands could have been successfully met, or in some areas encouraged, were it not for the other factors studied in this paper. In my opinion, the most influential of these factors would be the technological and globalisation advances.ReferencesBarton, Susan (2005). Working-class Holidays and Popular Tourism 18 40-1970. Manchester University Press. Manchester. UK.Berghoff, Hartmut., Harvie, Christopher., Korte, Barbara., and Schneider, Ralf (eds.) (2002). The Making of Modern Tourism The heathen History of the British Experience, 1600-2000. Palgrave MacMillan. UK.Bray, Roger and Raitz, Vladimir (2000) Flight to the Sun The Story of the Holiday Revolution. Thomson Learning. UK. butt Urry (2002). The Tourist Gaze. Sage Publications Inc. USLikorish, Leonard J. and Jenkins, Carol L. (2006) Introduction to Tourism. Elsevier Ltd. UKMiddleton, Victor. T.C., and Likorish, Leonard J. (2005) British Tourism The Remarkable Story of Growth. Butterworth-Heinemann. Oxford, UK.Research Paper 00/66 (2000). The Tourism Industry. special K Library. Retrieved 29 January 2007 from http//www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/rp2000/rp00-066.pdf